The Charlestown Fire District was formed through legislation in 1974. The District was given the authority to provide for fire protection and other emergencies in the portion of Charlestown not covered by the Dunns Corners Fire District. Before that time, the Charlestown-Richmond Volunteer Fire Association and the Cross Mills Volunteer Fire Department provided fire protection in this area. These two departments have been in existence since 1928 and 1938 respectively, and continue today as the fire companies of the Fire District.
The District is governed by a five–member Board of Engineers elected by the District taxpayers. The Board of Engineers appoints a district fire chief and assistant chief(s), treasurer, tax collector, clerk, moderator, a three–member board of canvassers, and a three–member board of assessors. The District holds monthly business meetings and an annual meeting in August.